Melt the butter in a large heavy pot over medium heat. Add the onions, salt, and optional sugar. Cook, stirring every few minutes, for 45 to 55 minutes until deeply golden and very soft; lower the heat if the edges brown too quickly.
Stir in the garlic and cook for 30 seconds. Pour in the wine and scrape up the browned bits. Simmer until nearly evaporated, about 3 minutes.
Add the beef broth, Worcestershire, thyme, bay leaf, and pepper. Bring to a gentle boil, then reduce heat and simmer uncovered for 25 minutes. Remove the thyme stems and bay leaf; taste and adjust seasoning.
Heat the broiler. Arrange baguette rounds on a baking sheet and toast for 1 to 2 minutes per side until crisp.
Ladle soup into broiler-safe bowls set on a rimmed baking sheet. Add one or two toast rounds and a generous layer of Gruyere to each bowl.
Broil 1 to 3 minutes, watching closely, until the cheese is melted, bubbling, and spotted golden. Serve hot; handle the bowls carefully.